Present-day country
Argentina
7 nations list Argentina among their present-day countries.
Present-day countries are listed by ISO 3166 names. Many nations live across more than one.
7 nations
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Colla
Also known as Kolla
Lands Atacama Region of Chile, around Copiapó, Chañaral, Tierra Amarilla and Diego de Almagro, and the puna of northwestern Argentina
In Chile's 2024 census, 0.1 percent of the national population identified as Colla.
Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Diaguita
Lands Huasco and Choapa valleys of Chile's Norte Chico, and northwestern Argentina
The first Diaguita community constituted under Chile's Indigenous Law, the Estancia Agrícola Diaguita de los Huascoaltinos, formed in 2006.
Source: Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Guarani Mbya
Also known as Mbyá
Lands Villages across southern and southeastern Brazil, eastern Paraguay, Misiones province in Argentina, and near Montevideo in Uruguay
The Comissão Guarani Yvyrupa, founded in 2006, brings together Guarani collectives in six states of southern and southeastern Brazil.
Source: Comissão Guarani Yvyrupa (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Mapuche
Lands South-central Chile, especially La Araucanía and Santiago, and Patagonian provinces of Argentina such as Neuquén and Río Negro
Most Mapuche in Chile today live in cities, with the largest groups in La Araucanía region and in the capital, Santiago.
Source: Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Qom
Lands Gran Chaco of northern Argentina, especially Chaco, Formosa and Santa Fe provinces, plus communities in Buenos Aires and in Paraguay
The Qom language is being recovered in universities and in community-run spaces, and children and teenagers are taking it up.
Source: Unidiversidad, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo (from Télam) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Quechua
Also known as Quechuas
Lands Andean highlands and valleys of Peru and Bolivia, with Quechua communities also in Argentina and Chile
Peru's Ministry of Culture reports that 5,179,774 people nationwide feel or consider themselves part of the Quechua peoples.
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Wichí
Lands Gran Chaco of northern Argentina, mainly Salta, Formosa and Chaco provinces, with related communities in southern Bolivia
In 2010 Argentina's Chaco province made the Wichí, Qom and Moqoit languages official languages of the province alongside Spanish.
Source: L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde, Université Laval (CEFAN) (opens in a new tab) Checked