Present-day country
Bangladesh
9 nations list Bangladesh among their present-day countries.
Present-day countries are listed by ISO 3166 names. Many nations live across more than one.
9 nations
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Chakma
Lands Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, and parts of northeast India
The Chakma make up more than half of the Indigenous population of Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts.
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Garo
Also known as A·chik
Lands Garo Hills of Meghalaya, India, and north-central Bangladesh
The Garo Hills Autonomous District Council, set up in 1952 under India's Sixth Schedule, is based in Tura and covers five districts.
Source: Garo Hills Autonomous District Council (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Khasi
Lands Khasi Hills of Meghalaya, India, and nearby Bangladesh
The Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council has a wing that oversees the Elakas, the traditional Khasi states.
Source: Khasi Hills Autonomous District Council (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Kurukh
Also known as Oraon
Lands Jharkhand, Odisha, Chhattisgarh and West Bengal in India, with communities in Assam, Bangladesh and Nepal
Odisha counted 358,112 Kurukh (Oraon) people in 2011; many farm and practice crafts such as carpentry, rope making and weaving date palm leaf mats.
Source: Odisha State Tribal Museum (SCSTRTI, Government of Odisha) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Marma
Lands Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh
Together, the Chakma, Marma and Tripura make up about 90 percent of the Indigenous peoples of the Chittagong Hill Tracts.
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Mru
Also known as Mro
Lands Bandarban district in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh, and nearby areas of Myanmar
The Mru call themselves Marucha; in their language, maru means human.
Source: Banglapedia, Asiatic Society of Bangladesh (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Munda
Also known as Hodoko
Lands Jharkhand, Odisha, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh and Bihar in India, with communities in Bangladesh
Mundari has its own script, known in the community as Mundari Bani; a version reformed in 2008 by Munda community bodies is in the Unicode Standard.
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Santal
Also known as Santhal
Lands Jharkhand, West Bengal, Odisha and nearby states of India, northwest Bangladesh, and Nepal
On 25 December 2025, India's Constitution was released in the Santali language, written in the Ol Chiki script.
Source: President's Secretariat, India (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tripura
Also known as Tripuri
Lands Chittagong Hill Tracts and other districts of Bangladesh, and the state of Tripura, India
Tripura University opened a Department of Kokborok in 2015 and began doctoral research in the language in 2018.