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Present-day country

Chile

7 nations list Chile among their present-day countries.

Present-day countries are listed by ISO 3166 names. Many nations live across more than one.

7 nations

  1. Aymara

    Also known as Aimara

    Lands The altiplano around Lake Titicaca and nearby valleys and cities of Bolivia and Peru, and the far north of Chile

    In Bolivia's 2024 census, more than one million people self-identified as Aymara, and more than one million as Quechua.

    Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadística de Bolivia (opens in a new tab) Checked

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  2. Colla

    Also known as Kolla

    Lands Atacama Region of Chile, around Copiapó, Chañaral, Tierra Amarilla and Diego de Almagro, and the puna of northwestern Argentina

    In Chile's 2024 census, 0.1 percent of the national population identified as Colla.

    Source: Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas de Chile (opens in a new tab) Checked

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  3. Diaguita

    Lands Huasco and Choapa valleys of Chile's Norte Chico, and northwestern Argentina

    The first Diaguita community constituted under Chile's Indigenous Law, the Estancia Agrícola Diaguita de los Huascoaltinos, formed in 2006.

    Source: Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (opens in a new tab) Checked

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  4. Lickanantay

    Also known as Atacameño

    Lands Oases and valleys of the Salar de Atacama and the Loa river basin, Antofagasta Region, northern Chile

    Lickanantay communities are revitalizing their language, Ckunsa. A 2025 regional arts project in Chiu Chiu promotes it through art and stop-motion animation.

    Source: Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio de Chile (opens in a new tab) Checked

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  5. Mapuche

    Lands South-central Chile, especially La Araucanía and Santiago, and Patagonian provinces of Argentina such as Neuquén and Río Negro

    Most Mapuche in Chile today live in cities, with the largest groups in La Araucanía region and in the capital, Santiago.

    Source: Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino (opens in a new tab) Checked

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  6. Quechua

    Also known as Quechuas

    Lands Andean highlands and valleys of Peru and Bolivia, with Quechua communities also in Argentina and Chile

    Peru's Ministry of Culture reports that 5,179,774 people nationwide feel or consider themselves part of the Quechua peoples.

    Source: Ministerio de Cultura del Perú, Base de Datos de Pueblos Indígenas u Originarios (opens in a new tab) Checked

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  7. Rapa Nui

    Also known as Easter Islanders

    Lands Rapa Nui (Easter Island), in the south-eastern Pacific, Chile

    Tapati Rapa Nui, the island's main cultural festival, filled two weeks of February 2026 with ancestral competitions, arts and celebrations of Rapa Nui identity, language and traditions.

    Source: Ministerio de las Culturas, las Artes y el Patrimonio (Chile) (opens in a new tab) Checked

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