Present-day country
United States
143 nations list United States among their present-day countries.
Present-day countries are listed by ISO 3166 names. Many nations live across more than one.
143 nations
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A:shiwi
Also known as Zuni
Lands Pueblo of Zuni along the Zuni River in western New Mexico, US, with reservation land in Arizona
The Pueblo of Zuni counts about 18,692 people and holds about 463,287 acres of reservation land.
Source: Inter Tribal Council of Arizona (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Acoma
Also known as Haak’u
Lands Acoma Mesa and surrounding lands in west-central New Mexico, US
Since 2017 the Acoma Language Program has been building a Keres dictionary, with about 5,000 words and phrases being edited by fluent speakers.
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Ahtna
Also known as Ahtna Athabascan
Lands Copper River basin and the upper Susitna and Nenana river areas, Alaska, United States
A comprehensive Ahtna dictionary was published in 1990, building on language documentation that began in 1973.
Source: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Akimel O’otham
Also known as Pima
Lands Gila River Indian Community, south of Phoenix, Arizona, US, shared with the Pee Posh (Maricopa)
The Akimel O’otham welcomed the Pee Posh (Maricopa) to the Gila River long ago, and the two peoples still share its lands and resources today.
Source: Gila River Indian Community (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Akwesasne
Also known as Mohawk Council of Akwesasne
Lands Along the St. Lawrence River where Ontario, Quebec and New York State meet, in Canada and the United States
Akwesasne spans lands in Quebec, Ontario and New York State, and three separate but linked political bodies govern it.
Source: Mohawk Council of Akwesasne (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Alutiiq/Sugpiaq
Also known as Sugpiaq
Lands Kodiak Archipelago, Alaska Peninsula, outer Kenai Peninsula and Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States
At the Alutiiq Museum, fluent speakers, learners and linguists work together to record Sugt'stun and teach it to a new generation of speakers.
Source: Alutiiq Museum and Archaeological Repository (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Apsáalooke Nation
Also known as Crow Tribe
Lands Crow Indian Reservation, south-central Montana, United States; headquarters at Crow Agency
The Apsáalooke Nation's government has three branches: executive, legislative and judicial.
Source: Crow Tribe Executive Branch (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Blackfeet Nation
Also known as Niitsitapi
Lands Blackfeet Reservation, northwestern Montana, bordering Canada and Glacier National Park, United States
The Blackfeet Nation describes itself as a nation of 17,321 members.
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Cahuilla Band of Indians
Also known as Mountain Cahuilla
Lands Anza area, Riverside County, Southern California
The Band describes itself as a sovereign nation that carries its culture forward through strong governance.
Source: Cahuilla Band of Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Catawba Nation
Also known as Catawba Indian Nation
Lands York County, South Carolina, near Rock Hill, with a service area that includes North Carolina, United States
The Catawba Nation has over 3,300 enrolled citizens and continues to grow.
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Cayuga Nation
Also known as Guyohkohnyoh
Lands Around Cayuga Lake in the Finger Lakes region of New York, United States
After more than 200 years away, Cayuga Nation citizens once again live on their ancestral homeland in New York's Finger Lakes region.
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Cherokee Nation
Also known as ᏣᎳᎩ
Lands Tahlequah and a 14-county reservation area in Oklahoma, United States; original homelands in the Southeast
Cherokee Nation governs through legislative, executive and judicial branches and serves people across a 14-county reservation area.
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Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes
Also known as Tsistsistas
Lands Western Oklahoma, United States; headquarters in Concho
The Cheyenne and Arapaho Language Program offers classes in tribal communities and online for tribal members.
Source: Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Cheyenne River Sioux Tribe
Also known as Minneconjou
Lands Cheyenne River Reservation, central South Dakota, United States; headquarters in Eagle Butte
The tribe is governed by a Chairman, Vice-Chairman, Secretary, Treasurer and fifteen council members, with headquarters in Eagle Butte.
Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Chiricahua Apache Nation
Lands Headquarters in Santa Clara, New Mexico, United States; this record describes this named community, not every Chiricahua Apache person or government
The Chiricahua Apache Nation lists its tribal headquarters in Santa Clara, New Mexico.
Source: Chiricahua Apache Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma
Also known as Chahta
Lands Durant and a reservation of eight whole and five partial counties in southeastern Oklahoma, United States; original homelands in present-day Mississippi
The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma has more than 225,000 tribal members.
Source: Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Citizen Potawatomi Nation
Also known as Bodéwadmi
Lands Headquartered in Shawnee, Oklahoma, United States, with citizens around the world
In July 2026 the Citizen Potawatomi Nation signed the articles of confederation for the Potawatomi Confederacy.
Source: Citizen Potawatomi Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Cocopah
Also known as Cucapá
Lands Lower Colorado River and delta: south of Yuma and near Somerton, Arizona, US, and the Mexicali valley of Baja California and San Luis Río Colorado, Sonora, Mexico
About 1,000 Cocopah tribal members live and work on or near their reservation south of Yuma, Arizona, which was established in 1917.
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Comanche Nation
Also known as Nʉmʉnʉʉ
Lands Southwest Oklahoma, United States; headquarters north of Lawton
The Comanche Nation's main governing body is its Tribal Council, made up of every enrolled member over age 18.
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Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation
Also known as Yakama Nation
Lands South-central Washington State, around Mount Adams and tributaries of the Columbia River
The Yakama Nation shares an Ichishkiin word each day to help learners build fluency in the language, also called Sahaptin.
Source: Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde
Also known as Grand Ronde
Lands Grand Ronde, Yamhill County, northwestern Oregon; ancestral ties across western Oregon, northern California and southwest Washington
A nine-member Tribal Council, elected by voting members, governs about 5,400 enrolled members of a confederation of over 30 tribes and bands.
Source: Confederated Tribes of Grand Ronde (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians
Also known as Siletz
Lands Siletz, on the central Oregon coast; ancestral territory across western Oregon into southwest Washington and northern California
The Tribe's Athabaskan language dictionary, Nuu-wee-ya' (Our words), holds about 12,000 entries, and a Talking Dictionary lets learners hear words spoken aloud.
Source: Confederated Tribes of Siletz Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation
Also known as CTUIR
Lands Umatilla Indian Reservation in northeastern Oregon, home of the Cayuse, Umatilla and Walla Walla peoples
The Tribes restored salmon to the Umatilla River after the fish had been gone from it for 70 years.
Source: Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs
Also known as Warm Springs
Lands Central Oregon, stretching east from the summit of the Cascade Mountains
The Museum at Warm Springs shares the history and culture of the three tribes and welcomes visitors in Ichishkiin, Numu and Kiksht.
Source: Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Cup'ik
Also known as Chevak Cup'ik
Lands Chevak and the nearby Bering Sea coast of southwest Alaska, United States
In Chevak the people and their language are called Cup'ik, and on Nunivak Island the related form is Cup'ig, each used in place of the word Yup'ik.
Source: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Deg Hit'an
Also known as Deg Xinag (the language)
Lands Shageluk, Anvik and Holy Cross on the lower Yukon River, Alaska, United States
Deg Xinag is one of ten Doyon region languages for which Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons.
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Delaware Nation
Also known as Lenape
Lands Anadarko, Oklahoma, United States; Lenape homelands on the Eastern Seaboard
Delaware Nation is a federally recognized tribe based in Anadarko, Oklahoma.
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Delaware Tribe of Indians
Also known as Lenape
Lands Bartlesville, Oklahoma, United States; homelands along the Delaware River
The Delaware Tribe of Indians is a federally recognized tribe of the Lenape people, headquartered in Bartlesville, Oklahoma.
Source: Delaware Tribe of Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Dena'ina
Also known as Kahtnuht'ana Dena'ina (Kenaitze)
Lands Cook Inlet region of Southcentral Alaska, including the Kenai Peninsula and the Anchorage area, United States
The Kenaitze Indian Tribe states its vision as assuring that the Kahtnuht'ana Dena'ina thrive forever.
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Diné
Also known as Navajo
Lands Diné Bikéyah (Navajoland) across Arizona, New Mexico and Utah, US
In World War II, Navajo Code Talkers used the Navajo language to create a military code that was never broken by the enemy.
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Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians
Also known as EBCI
Lands The Qualla Boundary in western North Carolina, United States, beside the Great Smoky Mountains
The Eastern Band has more than 16,000 enrolled members, and over 60 percent of them live on the Qualla Boundary.
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Eyak
Lands Cordova, the Copper River Delta and Prince William Sound, Alaska, United States
The Native Village of Eyak in Cordova is a federally recognized tribe that unites Eyak, Chugach Region, Tlingit and Athabaskan peoples.
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Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria
Also known as Coast Miwok
Lands Sonoma and Marin counties, California, with a reservation near Rohnert Park
Graton Rancheria launched its own Tribal TANF program serving low-income Native American families in Sonoma and Marin counties.
Source: Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Forest County Potawatomi
Also known as Bodwéwadmi
Lands Forest County, northern Wisconsin, United States
The Forest County Potawatomi Cultural Center, Library and Museum provides an important link to the community's past.
Source: Forest County Potawatomi Community (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Fort Peck Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes
Also known as Fort Peck Tribes
Lands Fort Peck Reservation, northeastern Montana, United States; headquarters in Poplar
Members of the Fort Peck Tribal Executive Board, except the secretary-accountant, are elected at-large every two years.
Source: Montana Governor's Office of Indian Affairs (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Fort Sill Apache Tribe
Also known as Fort Sill Apache
Lands Apache and Fletcher, Oklahoma; reservation land in New Mexico, United States
The Fort Sill Apache Tribe comprises descendants of Chiricahua and Warm Springs Apaches displaced from the Southwest and northern Mexico.
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Gwich'in
Also known as Kutchin (older term)
Lands Northeast Alaska, including Fort Yukon, Venetie and Arctic Village, plus northern Yukon and the Northwest Territories in Canada
Dinjii Zhuh K'yaa, the Gwich'in language, is one of ten Doyon region languages for which Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons.
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Haida
Also known as Kaigani Haida
Lands Southern Prince of Wales Island, including Hydaburg, Kasaan and Craig, and Ketchikan, Southeast Alaska, United States
Kasaan's 'Láa Náay Justice System works to keep the peace and promote wellness by addressing problems through culturally appropriate methods.
Source: Organized Village of Kasaan (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Hän
Lands Eagle, Alaska, United States, and Dawson, Yukon, Canada, along the upper Yukon River
Hän is one of ten Doyon region languages for which Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons.
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Havasu Baaja
Also known as Havasupai
Lands Havasu Canyon in the Grand Canyon, Arizona, US (village of Supai)
Supai is so remote that the US Postal Service carries all mail in and out of the canyon by mule train.
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Ho-Chunk Nation
Also known as Hoocąk
Lands Wisconsin, United States, on lands in many places rather than one reservation; traditional lands also reach Minnesota, Iowa, Missouri and Illinois
The Ho-Chunk Nation has four branches of government, with a legislature of 13 members elected from four districts.
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Hoopa Valley Tribe
Also known as Hupa
Lands Hoopa Valley along the Trinity River, Humboldt County, northern California
The Hoopa Valley Tribe runs its own Fisheries Department, which counts the harvest and spawning returns of salmon, steelhead, sturgeon and lamprey.
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Hopi
Also known as Hopi Tribe
Lands Hopitutskwa, northeastern Arizona, US (Navajo and Coconino counties)
Hopi farmers developed dry farming, using windbreaks to hold soil, snow and moisture so corn, beans and squash can grow in a dry land.
Source: Inter Tribal Council of Arizona (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Hualapai
Also known as Hualapai Tribe
Lands Northwestern Arizona, US, along the Grand Canyon and Colorado River (Peach Springs)
Hualapai River Runners is the only Indian-owned and operated river rafting company on the Colorado River.
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Iñupiat
Also known as Iñupiaq (singular, and the language)
Lands Northwest and Arctic Alaska, from Norton Sound to the North Slope and the Canadian border, United States
Iḷisaġvik College in Utqiaġvik was founded to teach from an Iñupiaq cultural foundation, and in 2006 it became the first and only federally recognized tribal college in Alaska.
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Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska
Also known as Báxoje
Lands Reservation along the Kansas and Nebraska border, United States
The reservation of the Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska straddles the eastern border between the two states, and tribal headquarters is on it.
Source: Iowa Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma
Also known as Baxoje
Lands Central Oklahoma, United States; centered in Perkins
The Iowa Tribe of Oklahoma is a sovereign nation centered in Perkins, Oklahoma, with self-government recognized by treaties and legislation.
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Jicarilla Apache
Also known as Jicarilla Apache Nation
Lands North-central New Mexico, US, along the Colorado line and across the Continental Divide (Dulce)
The Jicarilla Apache Nation reservation spans more than 879,917 acres in north-central New Mexico, and Dulce is its only community and tribal headquarters.
Source: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Karuk Tribe
Also known as Karuk
Lands Klamath River country of northern California, with tribal offices in Happy Camp
The Karuk Language Program teaches all ages through community classes, school partnerships and immersion, linking learners with fluent speakers.
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Kashia Band of Pomo Indians
Also known as Kashia Pomo
Lands Sonoma County coast of California, from the Gualala River south toward the Russian River
The Kashia Band of Pomo Indians has about 860 members, with its tribal government office in Santa Rosa, California.
Source: Kashia Band of Pomo Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Kha’P’o
Also known as Santa Clara Pueblo
Lands From the eastern Jemez Mountains to the Rio Grande, northern New Mexico, US
People of Santa Clara Pueblo still speak the Tewa language today and carry on their customs and cultural activities.
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Kiowa Tribe
Also known as Cauigu
Lands Southwestern Oklahoma, United States
The Kiowa Tribe commits to protecting its sovereignty and to preserving and advocating for Kiowa culture and language.
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Koyukon
Also known as Denaakk'e speakers
Lands Villages along the Koyukuk River and the middle Yukon River, Interior Alaska, United States
Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons for Denaakk'e and nine other Doyon region languages; its first courses came out in summer 2019 and are free.
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Ktunaxa
Also known as Ktunaxa Nation
Lands ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa: the Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia, Canada, with Kootenay Tribes also based today in Montana and Idaho, United States
The Ktunaxa Nation Council helps represent the shared interests of four Ktunaxa First Nations within ʔamakʔis Ktunaxa, the Ktunaxa homelands.
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Kumeyaay
Also known as Kumiai
Lands San Diego and Imperial counties, California, US, and Tecate, Ensenada and Rosarito in Baja California, Mexico
North of the US and Mexico border there are 12 Kumeyaay Nation bands today, each original to Kumeyaay territory. Sycuan is one of them.
Source: Sycuan Band of the Kumeyaay Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Lipan Apache Tribe
Also known as Lipan Apache Tribe of Texas
Lands Texas, United States, with tribal administration in McAllen and historical homelands spanning Texas and northern Mexico
In 2021, the City and County of Presidio donated a Lipan cemetery parcel to the Lipan Apache Tribe.
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Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians
Also known as Odawa
Lands Northern Lower Peninsula of Michigan, United States
The tribe's mission celebrates that its people still have and speak their own language, Anishinaabemowin.
Source: Little Traverse Bay Bands of Odawa Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Lower Tanana Dene
Also known as Lower Tanana Athabascans
Lands Nenana, Minto and the Fairbanks area along the Tanana River, Interior Alaska, United States
Benhti Kenaga', the Lower Tanana language, is one of ten Doyon region languages for which Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons.
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Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina
Also known as Lumbee
Lands Along the Lumbee River in Robeson, Hoke, Cumberland and Scotland counties, North Carolina, United States, centered on Pembroke
The Lumbee Tribe became fully federally recognized by the United States on December 18, 2025.
Source: Lumbee Tribe of North Carolina (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Lummi Nation
Also known as Lhaq'temish
Lands Northernmost coast of Washington State and the waters of Puget Sound, with ancestral lands reaching into southern British Columbia
Northwest Indian College, with its main campus on the Lummi Reservation, is the only accredited tribal college serving Washington, Oregon and Idaho.
Source: Northwest Indian College (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Makah Tribe
Also known as Makah
Lands Neah Bay and Cape Flattery, at the northwest tip of Washington's Olympic Peninsula
The Makah Reservation at Neah Bay sits on the northwest tip of the continental United States.
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Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation
Also known as MHA Nation
Lands Fort Berthold Indian Reservation, central North Dakota, United States
As of August 2026, 17,825 people are enrolled members of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation.
Source: Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe
Also known as People of the First Light
Lands Mashpee on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, United States; Wampanoag homelands across present-day Massachusetts and eastern Rhode Island
The Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe, the People of the First Light, has about 3,200 enrolled citizens.
Source: Mashpee Wampanoag Tribe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Menominee Indian Tribe of Wisconsin
Also known as Menominee
Lands Menominee Reservation, northeastern Wisconsin, United States
The Menominee Reservation covers about 235,524 acres in Wisconsin and holds the largest single tract of virgin timberland in the state.
Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Mescalero Apache
Also known as Mescalero Apache Tribe
Lands South-central New Mexico, US (Mescalero Apache Reservation)
Today three peoples, the Mescalero, Lipan and Chiricahua Apache, together make up the Mescalero Apache Tribe on a 463,000 acre reservation.
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Meskwaki Nation
Also known as Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa
Lands Meskwaki Settlement near Tama, Iowa, United States
The Meskwaki Nation has its own constitution, codified laws, police officers and a fully functioning court system.
Source: Sac & Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Métis Nation
Also known as Métis
Lands The Métis Nation Homeland as described by the Métis National Council: Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, plus parts of Ontario, British Columbia, the Northwest Territories and the northern United States
Many historic Métis communities still stand along rivers and lakes once tied to fur trade posts, and many Métis citizens live in cities within the Homeland.
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Mi’kmaq
Also known as Mi’kmaw
Lands Mi’kma’ki: Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and the Gaspé in Canada, with relatives in Maine, United States
Mi'kmaw communities in Nova Scotia wrote their own Netukulimk Livelihood Management Plans so members who fish can support themselves and their families.
Source: Kwilmu’kw Maw-klusuaqn (Mi’kmaq Rights Initiative) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe
Also known as Misi-zaaga'iganiing
Lands Three districts in East Central Minnesota, United States
The Mille Lacs Band governs itself through a three-branch government that divides power among executive, legislative and judicial branches.
Source: Mille Lacs Band of Ojibwe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians
Also known as MBCI
Lands Choctaw communities in east-central Mississippi, United States
The Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians has more than 11,000 tribal members.
Source: Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Morongo Band of Mission Indians
Also known as Morongo
Lands Morongo Indian Reservation beneath the San Gorgonio Mountains, Riverside County, California
Established in 1865, the Morongo Indian Reservation now spans more than 35,000 acres.
Source: Morongo Band of Mission Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Muckleshoot Indian Tribe
Also known as Muckleshoot
Lands South King County, Washington, in the Puget Sound region; ancestors include Duwamish and Upper Puyallup peoples
The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe is one of South King County's largest employers, supporting about 3,300 direct jobs.
Source: Muckleshoot Indian Tribe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Muscogee Nation
Also known as Muscogee (Creek) Nation
Lands Okmulgee and the Muscogee reservation in eastern Oklahoma, United States; original homelands in present-day Georgia and Alabama
The Muscogee (Creek) Nation counts about 100,000 citizens and is still growing.
Source: Muscogee (Creek) Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Narragansett Indian Tribe
Also known as Narragansett
Lands Rhode Island, United States
The Narragansett Indian Tribe received federal recognition and acknowledgement on April 11, 1983.
Source: Narragansett Indian Tribe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Native Hawaiians
Also known as Kānaka Maoli
Lands The Hawaiian Islands (Hawaiʻi), United States
Education taught entirely in Hawaiian now runs from preschool to doctoral level, growing from the first Pūnana Leo preschool in Kekaha, Kauaʻi, in 1984.
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Nimiipuu
Also known as Nez Perce Tribe
Lands North-central Idaho, with homelands across present-day Idaho, Washington, Oregon and Montana
The Nez Perce Tribe in north-central Idaho has more than 3,500 enrolled citizens.
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Northern Arapaho Tribe
Also known as Hinono'ei
Lands Wind River Reservation, Wyoming, United States, shared with the Eastern Shoshone
The Northern Arapaho and the Eastern Shoshone share a 2.2 million acre reservation in Wyoming, between the Wind River Range and the Owl Creek Mountains.
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Northern Cheyenne Tribe
Also known as Tsis tsis'tas
Lands Northern Cheyenne Reservation, southeastern Montana, United States; headquarters in Lame Deer
Lame Deer, Montana, is home to the Northern Cheyenne tribal government headquarters, and the Tribal Council is elected by district.
Source: Montana Governor's Office of Indian Affairs (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Nuche
Also known as Nuchu
Lands Southwestern Colorado (Ignacio, Towaoc), northeastern Utah (Uintah and Ouray) and nearby New Mexico and Utah lands, US
There are three Ute tribes today: the Southern Ute (Mouache and Capote bands), the Ute Mountain Ute (Weenuche band) and the Northern Ute in Utah.
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Oglala Sioux Tribe
Also known as Oglala Lakota Oyate
Lands Pine Ridge Reservation, southwestern South Dakota, United States
The Bureau of Indian Affairs estimates enrollment in the Oglala Sioux Tribe at 46,855 members.
Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Ohkay Owingeh
Also known as San Juan Pueblo
Lands Where the Rio Grande and Rio Chama meet, northern New Mexico, US
Ohkay Owingeh is the headquarters of the Eight Northern Pueblo Tribal Council.
Source: U.S. National Park Service (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Omaha Tribe of Nebraska
Also known as Umoⁿhoⁿ
Lands Omaha Reservation, Nebraska, United States; tribal offices in Macy
The Omaha Tribe of Nebraska holds a trust land base of 27,828 acres, according to the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Source: U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Oneida Indian Nation
Also known as Onayotekaono
Lands Central New York, United States
Oneida Indian Nation Members learn Onyota’a:ká:, the Oneida language, through intensive courses, a preschool curriculum, e-books, smartphone apps and an Oneida language keyboard.
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Oneida Nation
Also known as Oneida Nation of Wisconsin
Lands Oneida Reservation, Brown and Outagamie counties, northeast Wisconsin, United States
The Oneida Nation is governed by an elected Business Committee of nine members, which makes decisions by majority rule.
Source: Wisconsin Department of Public Instruction (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Onondaga Nation
Also known as Onundagaono
Lands Onondaga Nation territory south of Syracuse, central New York, United States
In the Haudenosaunee Grand Council, the Onondaga Fire Keepers present an issue, and debate goes on until they can announce that all are of One Mind, a decision by consensus.
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Osage Nation
Also known as Wahzhazhe
Lands Osage Nation Reservation, northeastern Oklahoma, United States; headquarters in Pawhuska
The Osage Nation Language Department offers free classes each year and calls language revitalization a foundation of Osage sovereignty.
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Pamunkey Indian Tribe
Also known as Pamunkey
Lands Pamunkey Reservation on the Pamunkey River, King William County, Virginia, United States
Guided by the idea that if you take fish from the river you put some back, the Pamunkey started an indoor fish hatchery in 1918.
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Passamaquoddy (Peskotomuhkati)
Also known as Peskotomuhkati
Lands Sipayik (Pleasant Point) and Motahkomikuk (Indian Township) in Maine, United States, and a community in New Brunswick, Canada
Over 3,000 Passamaquoddy citizens belong to three self-governing communities, two in Maine and one in New Brunswick, linked by political, cultural and kinship ties.
Source: Passamaquoddy Tribe at Sipayik (Pleasant Point) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma
Also known as Pawnee Nation
Lands Pawnee, Oklahoma, United States; ancestral homeland on the central Plains
The Pawnee Business Council is the supreme governing body of the Pawnee Nation, acting within the nation's Constitution and federal law.
Source: Pawnee Nation of Oklahoma (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Ponca Tribe of Nebraska
Also known as Ponca
Lands Fifteen-county service area across Nebraska, Iowa and South Dakota, United States
The tribe serves its people across a fifteen-county service area in Nebraska, Iowa and South Dakota, set up by the Ponca Restoration Act.
Source: Ponca Tribe of Nebraska (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation
Also known as Potawatomi
Lands Reservation near Mayetta, northeastern Kansas, United States
The Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation says its Kansas reservation is unchanged from what the Treaty of 1846 established.
Source: Prairie Band Potawatomi Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Puyallup Tribe of Indians
Also known as Puyallup
Lands Shores of southern Puget Sound and the Puyallup River, Tacoma area, Washington
One of the most urban tribes in the United States, the Puyallup still fish, hunt and travel the waters of the Puyallup River.
Source: Puyallup Tribe of Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe
Also known as Northern Paiute
Lands Pyramid Lake and its reservation, about 35 miles northeast of Reno, Nevada
The reservation covers 475,000 acres around Pyramid Lake, which runs about 27 miles long and 11 miles wide.
Source: Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Quinault Indian Nation
Also known as Quinault
Lands Southwestern corner of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, between the Olympic Mountains and the Pacific Ocean
The Nation has a Taholah Village Relocation Master Plan that includes planning for an upper village, and its Planning Department is updating the plan for 2026.
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Red Lake Nation
Also known as Miskwaagamiiwi-Zaagaiganing
Lands Red Lake Reservation, northern Minnesota, United States
English is a second language for many Red Lake members who are middle-aged and older, including some on the Tribal Council, and many others speak or understand Ojibwe.
Source: Minnesota Indian Affairs Council (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Sac and Fox Nation
Also known as Sauk
Lands Central Oklahoma, United States; headquarters in Stroud
The Sac and Fox Nation was the first tribe to take on self-governance within the Indian Health Service.
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Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe
Also known as Akwesasne Mohawk
Lands Akwesasne, on the St. Lawrence River in northern New York, United States; the wider Akwesasne community extends into Canada
The Saint Regis Mohawk Tribal Council is made up of three Chiefs, three Sub-Chiefs and a Tribal Clerk, with elections scheduled each year and set terms of office.
Source: Saint Regis Mohawk Tribe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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San Carlos Apache
Also known as San Carlos Apache Tribe
Lands Gila, Graham and Pinal counties, southeastern Arizona, US
The San Carlos Apache Reservation, set aside in 1871, covers 1,834,781 acres reaching from alpine meadows to desert in southeastern Arizona.
Source: Inter Tribal Council of Arizona (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians
Also known as Chumash
Lands Santa Ynez Valley, Santa Barbara County, California
Established on December 27, 1901, the Santa Ynez Reservation began with 99 acres and has grown to more than 1,500 acres.
Source: Santa Ynez Band of Chumash Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians
Also known as Sault Tribe
Lands Eastern Upper Peninsula of Michigan, United States
Sault Tribe serves seven eastern Upper Peninsula counties: Chippewa, Luce, Mackinac, Schoolcraft, Alger, Delta and Marquette.
Source: Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
Also known as The Great Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
Lands Wewoka and Seminole County, Oklahoma, United States; earlier homelands in Florida
The Seminole Nation of Oklahoma is made up of fourteen bands, and its General Council seats two representatives from each band rather than from districts.
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Seminole Tribe of Florida
Also known as Seminole
Lands Big Cypress, Brighton, Fort Pierce, Hollywood, Immokalee and Tampa reservations in Florida, United States
Adding the Tampa and Immokalee reservations brought the Seminole Tribe of Florida's federal trust lands to more than 90,000 acres.
Source: Seminole Tribe of Florida (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Seneca Nation
Also known as Seneca Nation of Indians
Lands Allegany, Cattaraugus and Oil Spring territories in Western New York, United States
More than 8,500 Seneca citizens and their families carry the Nation forward today, living on and around the Allegany, Cattaraugus and Oil Spring territories in Western New York.
Source: Seneca Nation of Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community
Also known as SMSC
Lands Scott County, Minnesota, United States
Following the Dakota tradition of helping others, the SMSC gives millions of dollars each year to other tribes, organizations and local governments.
Source: Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Shinnecock Indian Nation
Also known as Shinnecock Nation
Lands In and around the Town of Southampton on the eastern end of Long Island, New York, United States
The Shinnecock Indian Nation has over 1,589 enrolled tribal members.
Source: Shinnecock Indian Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Sicangu Lakota Oyate
Also known as Rosebud Sioux Tribe
Lands Rosebud Reservation, South Dakota, United States
The Rosebud Reservation takes in 20 communities, and the tribal headquarters is in the community of Rosebud, South Dakota.
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Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate
Also known as Sisitunwan-Wahpetunwan Oyate
Lands Lake Traverse Reservation, northeastern South Dakota and southeastern North Dakota, United States
The Oyate counts more than 14,000 tribal members, living across the United States and serving abroad in the Armed Forces.
Source: Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Southern Paiute
Also known as Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah
Lands Southern Utah and northern Arizona, US, including Cedar City, Utah, and the Kaibab reservation near Fredonia, Arizona
The Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah shares The Paiute Language for Beginners, now in its second edition, which anyone can view and download.
Source: Paiute Indian Tribe of Utah (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Southern Ute Indian Tribe
Also known as Southern Ute
Lands Southern Ute Reservation around Ignacio, southwestern Colorado, United States
The Southern Ute Indian Tribe is made up of the Mouache and Caputa bands and is headquartered in Ignacio, Colorado.
Source: Southern Ute Indian Tribe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Spirit Lake Nation
Also known as Spirit Lake Tribe
Lands Northeastern North Dakota, mainly Benson County, United States; headquarters at Fort Totten
Cankdeska Cikana Community College, the tribal college at Spirit Lake, offers 12 associate degree and certificate programs.
Source: North Dakota Indian Affairs Commission (opens in a new tab) Checked
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St. Lawrence Island Yupik
Also known as Siberian Yupik
Lands Gambell and Savoonga on St. Lawrence Island in the Bering Sea, Alaska, United States; close relatives live on the Chukchi Peninsula across the Bering Strait
St. Lawrence Island Yupik is almost the same language as the one spoken just across the Bering Strait, at the tip of Siberia's Chukchi Peninsula.
Source: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Standing Rock Sioux Tribe
Also known as Standing Rock Oyate
Lands Standing Rock Reservation, across North Dakota and South Dakota, United States
Today Yanktonai Dakota communities live mostly on the North Dakota side of Standing Rock, and Lakota communities mostly on the South Dakota side.
Source: Standing Rock Sioux Tribe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Swinomish Indian Tribal Community
Also known as Swinomish
Lands Swinomish Reservation near La Conner, Skagit County, Washington
The Swinomish Tribe monitors air quality in partnership with the EPA, with two major oil refineries right next to its reservation.
Source: Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Syilx Okanagan Nation
Also known as Syilx
Lands The Okanagan, Similkameen and Nicola areas of British Columbia, Canada, and northern Washington State, United States
The Okanagan Nation Alliance reports that the new Okanagan Dam Fish Passage, after years of advocacy and planning, lets salmon reach Okanagan Lake for the first time in nearly 100 years.
Source: Okanagan Nation Alliance (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Taíno
Lands Puerto Rico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic and other islands of the Greater Antilles, and diaspora communities in the United States
Over about four decades a Taíno movement has grown in Cuba, the Dominican Republic and Puerto Rico, as more families and groups affirm their Native ancestry.
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Taos Pueblo
Also known as Red Willow People
Lands Taos valley, northern New Mexico, US
Taos Pueblo, with its multistory adobe homes, gained World Heritage status in 1992 as one of the world's most significant cultural landmarks.
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Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone Indians
Also known as Newe
Lands Northeastern Nevada, in Battle Mountain, Elko, South Fork and Wells
The Te-Moak Tribe unites four bands, Battle Mountain, Elko, South Fork and Wells, under one tribal council elected every three years.
Source: Te-Moak Tribe of Western Shoshone (opens in a new tab) Checked
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The Chickasaw Nation
Also known as Chickasaw
Lands Thirteen counties in south-central Oklahoma, United States; original homelands in present-day Mississippi, Alabama and Tennessee
The Chickasaw Nation's three-department government was reestablished with the ratification of its 1983 Constitution.
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Timbisha Shoshone Tribe
Also known as Timbisha
Lands Death Valley and surrounding areas of California and Nevada
Today the federally recognized Timbisha Shoshone Tribe works to keep its language, traditions and sovereignty strong.
Source: Timbisha Shoshone Tribe (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tlingit
Also known as Lingít
Lands Coastal Southeast Alaska from Yakutat south to Ketchikan, United States, with citizens living worldwide
Sealaska Heritage Institute says young people who learned Lingít and other Southeast Alaska languages, once nearly lost to oppression, now teach them with help from fluent Elders.
Source: Sealaska Heritage Institute (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tohono O’odham
Also known as Pápago
Lands Sonoran Desert of southern Arizona, US (Sells is the capital), with O’odham communities across the border in Sonora, Mexico
Divided by the border since the 1850s, O’odham communities in Sonora, Mexico, and Arizona still share a common culture and sense of being one people.
Source: Sistema de Información Cultural, Secretaría de Cultura (Mexico) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation
Also known as Tolowa
Lands Smith River and the coast of Del Norte County, far northern California
The Tolowa Dee-ni' Nation was restored in 1983 through a court case, and its restored government extended citizenship to all Taa-laa-wa Dee-ni'.
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Tongva
Also known as Gabrieleño
Lands Greater Los Angeles region of California, a homeland called Tovaangar
The conservancy, a Tongva-led nonprofit and not a tribal government, serves Tongva people, the wider Native community and guests, called kuuyam.
Source: Tongva Taraxat Paxaavxa Conservancy (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tonto Apache Tribe
Also known as Tonto Apache
Lands Payson, Gila County, Arizona, United States
The Tonto Apache Tribe is based beside Payson in northwestern Gila County, Arizona.
Source: Inter Tribal Council of Arizona (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tsimshian
Also known as Alaska Tsimshian
Lands Metlakatla on the Annette Islands Reserve, Southeast Alaska, United States; Tsimshian homelands continue in British Columbia, Canada
In 1977 Metlakatla adopted a standard practical spelling system for the Tsimshian language, also meant for Coast Tsimshian communities in Canada.
Source: Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tulalip Tribes
Also known as Tulalip
Lands Tulalip Indian Reservation on Puget Sound, Snohomish County, Washington
The Tulalip Tribes count over 5,100 people, about 2,700 of whom live on the 22,000-acre Tulalip Indian Reservation.
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Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians
Also known as Me-Wuk
Lands Sierra Nevada foothills, Tuolumne County, California
In January 2005 the Tribe opened the Tuolumne Me-Wuk Indian Health Center.
Source: Tuolumne Band of Me-Wuk Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewa Indians
Also known as Anishinaabe
Lands Rolette County, North Dakota, near the Canadian border, United States
Members of the Turtle Mountain Band speak English, Ojibwe and Michif, a language that blends French, Ojibwe and Cree.
Source: North Dakota Indian Affairs Commission (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Tuscarora Nation
Also known as Skaruhreh
Lands Tuscarora Nation territory near Lewiston, western New York, United States; earlier homelands in what is now North Carolina
The Tuscarora Environment Program works as part of the Haudenosaunee Environmental Task Force, established in 1992 by the Grand Council.
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Unangax̂
Also known as Unangan (eastern plural)
Lands Aleutian Islands, Pribilof Islands and the western Alaska Peninsula, Alaska, United States
Students in APIA's 2025 Unangam Tunuu Summer Language Intensive learned from Unangax̂ Elders, and APIA holds a weekly Unangam Tunuu Community Night in Anchorage.
Source: Aleutian Pribilof Islands Association (opens in a new tab) Checked
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United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma
Also known as UKB
Lands Tahlequah, Oklahoma, United States
The United Keetoowah Band numbers more than 14,000 tribal members today.
Source: United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians in Oklahoma (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Upper Tanana
Also known as Upper Tanana Athabascans
Lands Northway, Tetlin and Tok in eastern Interior Alaska, United States, with a small community across the border in Canada
Née'aaneegn', the Upper Tanana language, is one of ten Doyon region languages for which Doyon Languages Online is creating introductory online lessons.
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Ute Indian Tribe
Also known as Ute Indian Tribe of the Uintah and Ouray Reservation
Lands Uintah and Ouray Reservation, northeastern Utah, with tribal government at Fort Duchesne, United States
In an April 2026 statement, the Ute Indian Tribe announced it would appeal a federal district court decision concerning split-estate reservation lands.
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Ute Mountain Ute Tribe
Also known as Weenuche
Lands Towaoc and reservation lands in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico; White Mesa, Utah, United States
The Ute Mountain Ute Tribe identifies itself as the Weenuche band of the Ute Nation, with its tribal offices in Towaoc, Colorado.
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Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians
Also known as Kumeyaay
Lands Viejas Reservation in the mountains east of San Diego, California; the wider Kumeyaay homeland reaches into Baja California, Mexico
Viejas extends its community work beyond San Diego to Kumeyaay relatives in Baja California, Mexico.
Source: Viejas Band of Kumeyaay Indians (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah)
Also known as Aquinnah Wampanoag
Lands Aquinnah, on the western end of Martha's Vineyard (Noepe), Massachusetts, United States
The Aquinnah Wampanoag care for 477 acres of their ancestral lands on Martha's Vineyard.
Source: Wampanoag Tribe of Gay Head (Aquinnah) (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Washoe Tribe of Nevada and California
Also known as Washoe
Lands Lake Tahoe region and nearby valleys of western Nevada and eastern California
Washoe teachers hold language classes for adults and youth four days a week, and immersion classes reach children in the tribe's Head Start.
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White Mountain Apache
Also known as Ndee
Lands White Mountains of east-central Arizona, US (Fort Apache Indian Reservation, Whiteriver)
The White Mountain Apache own and run Sunrise, one of the largest ski resorts in the Southwest, and rare Apache trout swim in reservation streams.
Source: Inter Tribal Council of Arizona (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Wolastoqiyik
Also known as Wəlastəkwiyik
Lands The Wolastoq (Saint John River) watershed, from the Bay of Fundy to the St. Lawrence: New Brunswick and Quebec in Canada, and Maine in the United States
Six Wolastoqey communities in New Brunswick, Matawaskiye, Neqotkuk, Pilick, Sitansisk, Welamukotuk and Wotstak, work together through the Wolastoqey Nation in New Brunswick.
Source: Wolastoqey Nation in New Brunswick (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Yavapai
Also known as Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation
Lands Central and western Arizona, US, including Fort McDowell near Phoenix and Prescott
In September 2026 the Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation, about 950 members, marked 123 years since its land was set aside in 1903.
Source: Fort McDowell Yavapai Nation (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Yoeme
Also known as Yaqui
Lands Yaqui River valley in Sonora, Mexico, and Pascua Yaqui communities near Tucson, Arizona, US
Most Yoeme people today live in the Mexican states of Sonora and Sinaloa, and the federally recognized Pascua Yaqui Tribe is based in Tucson, Arizona.
Source: U.S. National Park Service (opens in a new tab) Checked
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Yup'ik
Also known as Central Yup'ik
Lands Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta and nearby coasts and rivers of southwest Alaska, United States
In the Calista Region along the Yukon and Kuskokwim rivers, subsistence hunting, fishing and gathering bind communities together and are part of who people are.
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Yurok Tribe
Also known as Yurok
Lands Lower Klamath River and the Pacific coast of far northern California, United States
On June 30, 2026, Save the Redwoods League conveyed 125 acres on Prairie Creek, in the heart of Yurok ancestral territory, back to the Yurok Tribe.